Письменная часть работы по английскому языку состоит из четырёх разделов, включающих в себя 35 заданий. На выполнение заданий письменной части отводится 2 часа (120 минут). В разделе 1 (задания по аудированию) предлагается прослушать несколько текстов и выполнить 11 заданий на понимание прослушанных текстов. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий данного раздела – 30 минут. Раздел 2 (задания по чтению) содержит 8 заданий на понимание прочитанных текстов. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела – 30 минут. Раздел 3 (задания по грамматике и лексике) состоит из 15 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела – 30 минут.
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1. What should the main New Year tree of the country look like?
2. What is one of the legends of the Christmas tree?
3. What are the advantages of artificial Christmas trees?
4. What rules did people follow in the past when decorating the Christmas tree?
5. Who changed the date of New Yearʼs Day in his country?
6. How did the technological progress change Christmas decorations?
7. How did the tradition of decorating the tree with coloured glass balls start?
A. Why do people decorate Christmas trees at home? There are several stories about the start of the tradition. One of them is about Martin Luther, the founder of the protestant faith. While he was walking through a forest on a Christmas Eve, he looked up and was impressed by the beauty of the stars that were shining through the tree branches. He cut down a small tree and took it home. There, he decorated the tree with candles as a present for his family.
B. The tradition of decorating a Christmas tree comes from Germany. Until the 17th century, people decorated their Christmas tree in a certain order. Firstly, a star was fixed on the top. Then people hung apples on lower branches of the tree. Finally, they placed biscuits, gingerbread and sweets underneath. The Christmas tree in the fairy tale Nutcracker was decorated in exactly this way.
C. The Christmas tree tradition came to Russia with Peter the Great in the 18th century. He enjoyed the celebration tradition in Germany and issued a law according to which all families had to decorate their houses with pine tree branches. It also announced that people should have fun on that day. Peter the Great also decided to move New Year’s celebration from 1st September to 1st January...
D. The most popular Christmas decoration was invented by a German glass-blower. He made a ball and decorated it with angel figures and snowflakes. The man gave it as a gift to his daughter. The girl decided to put the ball on the Christmas tree. It was so beautiful that the glass-blower made many more decorated balls and sold them. Now people all over the world choose to decorate their Christmas trees in this way.
E. In the 18th century, people started decorating Christmas trees with candles. Later, with the discovery of electricity, electric lights were put on Christmas trees. It was Edward Johnson, an assistant of Thomas Edison, who first used electric lights for Christmas tree decoration. People liked his idea. However, it took several years before the electric lights became available to the general public.
F. Nowadays, Christmas trees are found everywhere – in houses, on the streets and squares. Most of them are artificial trees. However, in the centre of Moscow, in the Kremlin, you can always see a natural Christmas tree. The most important tree of the country is carefully chosen in the forest – it should be tall and beautiful. Professional designers decorate it to create an unforgettable fairytale tree for thousands of children and their parents.
Вопрос
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Tea
Everybody knows that Britain is a tea-drinking nation. Tea is more than just a drink to the British – it is a way of life. Many people drink it first with breakfast, then mid-morning, with lunch, at tea-time (around 5 o’clock), with dinner and finally just before bed. As a nation, they go through 185 million cups per day! No less than 77% of British people are regular tea drinkers; they drink more than twice as much tea as coffee.
A legend says that tea was discovered in China in the third millennium BC. When a Chinese Emperor was having breakfast in his garden, a tea leaf fell into his cup with hot water. The water became coloured and the Emperor was delighted with the taste of the new drink. To Britain, tea came much later. It happened in the 17th century, when the British ships landed on the shore of China and came back with a load of tea.
Tea drinking became fashionable in England after Charles II married the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza. She adored tea and introduced it to the royal court. Just as people today will copy celebrities, people in the 17th and 18th centuries copied the royal family. Tea drinking spread like wildfire, starting first among the nobles and then spreading to wealthy businessmen who liked to sit down for a nice ‘cuppa’ in coffee houses. Tea was an expensive product. It was only for the rich and often kept under lock and key.
In the 17th century the British really had two daily meals – breakfast and dinner. Dinner was the heaviest meal of the day, and was usually served in the afternoon. The custom of eating a regular ‘afternoon tea’ began during the 1700’s, as people began serving dinner later and later in the evening. For the aristocracy, or at least for the Duchess Anna Maria of Bedford, 6 hours between meals was simply too long. She began to ask for a cup of tea and light snacks to be served around 5 pm, and then began to invite guests to join her. The custom of ‘afternoon tea’ was born, and it spread among the upper classes and then among the workers, for whom this late afternoon meal became the main of the day.
The first tea shop for ladies was opened by Thomas Twining in 1717 and slowly tea shops began to appear throughout England making the drinking of tea available to everyone. The British appreciated the new drink for its taste. It was also believed that tea cured lots of diseases. However, the most important thing was that drinking tea prevented lots of diseases – to make the drink people used boiled water and drank less raw water.
For centuries now, tea has been the national drink of Great Britain. Tea has so thoroughly integrated itself into British culture that during World War afraid that the country’s morale could suffer from the lack of tea and made a special decision to ration it.
Tea has worked its way into language too. Nowadays people have tea breaks at work, even if they drink coffee or cola. Many people call the main evening meal tea, even if they drink beer with it. When there is a lot of trouble about something very unimportant, it is called a storm in a tea cup. When someone is upset or depressed, people say they need tea and sympathy. In fact, tea is the best treatment for all sorts of problems and troubles
1. This weekend, the language school students can …
1) meet a famous film-maker.
2) go on a day excursion.
3) enjoy a costume party.
2. The girl asks her mother to …
1) cook her favourite dish.
2) feed her pet bird.
3) give a book to her friend.
3. Why did Amy miss the first lesson?
1) Her alarm clock did not work properly.
2) She confused the days of the week.
3) She had to visit a doctor in the morning.
4. Alan wants to borrow …
1) a backpack.
2) a bicycle.
3) a tent.
5. Вы готовите тематическую радиопередачу с высказываниями пяти разных людей, обозначенных буквами А, В, С, D, Е. Подберите к каждому высказыванию соответствующую его содержанию рубрику из списка 1–6. Используйте каждую рубрику из списка только один раз. В списке есть одна лишняя рубрика. Вы услышите запись дважды.
1. They are typical
2. They allow to be different
3. They can be expensive
4. They can be perfect
5. They are convenient
6. They are strict
12. Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.
1. What should the main New Year tree of the country look like?
2. What is one of the legends of the Christmas tree?
3. What are the advantages of artificial Christmas trees?
4. What rules did people follow in the past when decorating the Christmas tree?
5. Who changed the date of New Yearʼs Day in his country?
6. How did the technological progress change Christmas decorations?
7. How did the tradition of decorating the tree with coloured glass balls start?
13. In general, British people prefer coffee to tea.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
14. In the 17th century a Chinese Emperor sent tea to the British royal family as a present.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
15. Tea became popular in Great Britain due to the royal marriage.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
16. The ‘afternoon tea’ tradition was started by a woman.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
17. In the first tea shops the British could also buy some medicines.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
18. During World War II the British government prohibited drinking tea.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
19. There are many phrases with ‘tea’ in the English language.
1) True
2) False
3) Not stated
20. Jane liked going to the park with her mum. One day when they were there, she said, “There is so much rubbish on the ground.” They looked around. There were old, waste paper and cans on the ground.
21. Several benches
22. “You are right,” her mum said. “I wish people about the environment more.”
23. “I do care about it but I what I can do to help the park,” said Jane.
24. Jane and her mum went home. In the evening she painted a picture of the park. At the top of the picture she “PLEASE KEEP ME CLEAN”.
25. The next day Jane and her mum went to the park than usual. Jane taped her picture onto a big rubbish bin and started picking up rubbish.
26. Some children ran over to see what was going on. They decided to help Jane. Soon all the rubbish was in the bags. “Good job,” Jane said, “We half of the park.
27. If we come and complete the other part tomorrow, the whole park clean and tidy.
28. I hope people won’t throw rubbish here any more.”
29. Siem Reap is a small town in Cambodia, a country in southeast Asia. It is built around a cathedral.
30. The town is charming with some fine examples of French colonial architecture. A legend says that a French once called the town “a pearl of Cambodia”.
31. Nowadays, this town is quite popular with tourists. They often use it as a starting point for their travellings.
32. The town is really remarkable. There you will find some stone monuments and statues, ancient buildings and picturesque ruins.
33. Note that it’s hot there in the summer.
34. Please ensure that you take walking shoes, light clothing and plenty of water to drink.
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