Экзаменационный (типовой) материал ОГЭ / Английский / 12 задание / 34

1.  How did Rumyantsev’s private collection become a museum?
2. Whose private art collections became part of Rumyantsev's Musem?
3. Who shared Nikolay Rumyantsev’s interest in studying Russian history?
4. Where can we find paintings from the Rumyantsev Museum now?
5. What kind of objects did Nikolay Rumyantsev collect during his lifetime?
6. What was the most famous painting in the Rumyantsev Museum?
7. Since when did the Rumyantsev Museum include a public library?

A. Nikolay Rumyantsev was born in Russia in 1754 into a family of aristocrats and was educated abroad. Later in his life he worked as a banker, Minister of Commerce and Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, it is not his jobs but hobby that he is still remembered by. Nikolay Rumyantsev loved history and historic objects, especially the very first printed books. In his large private collection there were paintings, rare old maps, books, manuscripts and coins.

B. Having had a long and successful career in the Russian government, in 1814 at the age of 60 Nikolay Rumyantsev retired. From that time until his death he was mostly busy researching Russian history. He formed a rather large circle of friends around himself – about 200 historians and archeologists – who looked for, found and studied many hand-written historic Russian documents. Together, they published old Russian chronicles as well as books about them.

C. Nikolay Rumyantsev didn’t have any children and decided to leave his private collection as a gift “for the public good”. After his death in 1826 his brother gave his collection to the Ministry of Education, and in 1828 it officially became a museum. The collection itself didn’t have to be moved, as Nikolay Rumyantsev’s entire manor house on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg became the Rumyantsev Museum.

D. In 1861 it was decided to move the museum to Moscow. A large and beautiful building was found for it in the very center of the city – Pashkov’s House. To celebrate the opening of the first public museum in Moscow, Emperor Alexander II presented it with several paintings from the Hermitage, while the Academy of Arts gave paintings by Karl Brullov and Dmitry Levitsky as a gift. At the same time a part of the museum was turned into a public library.

E. In the following years the museum collections grew. The Emperor continued sending paintings as gifts. This is how the Rumyantsev Museum received Alexander Ivanov’s The Appearance of Christ before the People. Later a whole collection of Fyodor Pryanishnikov was given to the museum. It included paintings by Aivazovsky, Tropinin and Venetsianov. The famous industrialist and publisher Kozma Soldatyonkov supported the Rumyantsev Museum financially and left it his library and collection of Russian art.

F. After the 1917 Revolution, the Rumyantsev Museum collection was divided. The books served as the foundation for the Lenin Library, while paintings, sculptures and historic objects were given to different museums in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities and towns. This is how true masterpieces can now be found in art museums all over the country. However, the majority of the paintings from the Rumyantsev Museum were transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery.

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