Экзаменационный (типовой) материал ОГЭ / Английский / 12 задание / 50

1. How many metro stations are there in Moscow now?
2. What was the name of the first Moscow Metro station?
3. What technologies are used for digging the tunnels of the Moscow Metro?
4. Which architectural style was typical of the earlier Moscow metro stations?
5. What new technologies are used in the Moscow Metro today?
6. How many women work for the Moscow Metro today?
7. Were there any days in the Moscow Metro history when it didn't work?

A. Mayakovskaya is considered to be one of the most beautiful stations of the Moscow Metro and one of the most famous subway stations in the world. Similar to several other metro stations built in the 1930s, it is known for its Art Deco style. However, the most striking feature of its platform is the 33 mosaics on the ceiling that were created by Alexander Deyneka, an outstanding modernist painter, sculptor and graphic artist of the day.

B. The construction of the first line of the Moscow Metro began in 1933. The routes of the first lines were developed based on the research of the passenger traffic of the Moscow tram: the underground was to repeat its busiest routes. The first line was opened in May 1935 and had only 13 stations. Today, the Moscow Metro has 14 lines and 250 stations. According to the plans of the Moscow government, 25 more metro stations will have been built by 2027.

C. Even though there was a plan and an order given by the Soviet government to destroy the Moscow Metro system on October 16, 1941, when the German troops advanced too close to Moscow, and therefore the threat of occupation became real, they were not implemented. The Moscow Metro survived and played an important role during World War II as a bomb shelter. The 16th of October, 1941, remained in the Moscow Metro history as the only day when it
didn't open its doors to passengers.

D. Some of the stations and tunnels of the Moscow Metro are located deeper than others. This is why different methods have been used for their construction. The ones located close to the surface are usually constructed using the open-cut method, whereas in the deep-laid sections a tunnelling shield is used - a method invented by the British Engineer Marc Brunel who first patented it in 1818 and used for the construction of a tunnel underneath the Thames River in London in 1825.

E. Passengers of the Moscow Metro can enjoy the Wi-Fi connections on most of the stations, tunnels and escalators. The Wi-Fi coverage and signal strength depend on the specific station and cellular operator. All tunnels and stations of the Circular line have an uninterrupted Wi-Fi coverage. The service is free of charge. Mobile phone users can charge their phones in all of the new generation train cars that were introduced in the Moscow Metro in 2020.

F. There are many areas where Moscow Metro is leading. It is first in Russia and Europe in terms of length of lines; it is the world leader in terms of frequency of trains - intervals during peak hours do not exceed 90 seconds. The Moscow Metro has the second highest number of female staff in the world - more than a third of its employees are women. It is also important to note that more than 40 stations of the Moscow Metro are cultural heritage monuments.

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